Admiral Chester Nimitz was successful while embracing a leadership approach that is unusual today. While leading the Pacific Theater of Operations and commanding the Pacific Fleet during World War II, he leveraged a series of techniques that are as relevant today as they are uncommon. I'll describe these in detail, explain why they were effective, and offer suggestions for how you can employ them in your organization.
*Broad Experience*: Nimitz held a wide variety of positions throughout his career. This gave him deep knowledge in specific areas. It also taught him to value expertise and respect the limits of his own knowledge. He used that respect to delegate effectively. At the same time, the diversity of his own experiences allowed him to look at challenges and opportunities in new and creative ways. David Epstein has discussed the value of this in his book, Range. I'll explain how Nimitz'sĀ career reflects those ideas.
*Commitment to Growth*: Nimitz fostered the development of his organizations throughout his career, whether they were on small boats in the Philippines, large cruisers in China, or a fleet making its way across the Pacific. He found ways to connect his subordinates together to build resilient networks that not only communicated new information, but effectively changed behavior. Damon Centola has hit on the essence of this in his book, How Behavior Spreads.
*Skilled Use of Slack*: Nimitz deliberately created slack and downtime within his schedule. He went on long walks with subordinates. He played horseshoes on a regular basis. He took slower, more relaxing transportation. This was deliberate. Nimitz created sufficient space between him and everyday problems so that he could synthesize all available information and act on it strategically. Tom DeMarco's book, Slack, describes the importance of this. I'll explain how it played out for Nimitz.
*Respect for People*: Nimitz understood that the key to an effective, learning organization was its people and he showed them the necessary respect. In the words of Amy Edmondson, Nimitz created an atmosphere of psychological safety, where opinions could be shared frankly, and the best acted upon. I'll relate her work, and her book, The Fearless Organization, to Nimitz's approach.